⚖️ Official MFFP regulation

Bait regulations in Quebec — what you can and can't use

live baitfish, banned species, salt water, equipment

These are the official rules on bait use for sport fishing in Quebec, sourced from the Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs (MELCCFP). The rules below apply province-wide; specific zones may add restrictions — always check your zone's rules.

Official source : quebec.caMFFP page last updated 2026-01-16

1. Worms, leeches, insects and frogs

These baits are NOT classified as "baitfish" under Quebec regulation. Their use is generally allowed unless your specific zone says otherwise. For frogs, a hunting permit is required (valid July 15 – November 15 for leopard frog, green frog, and bullfrog). Frog hunting is banned in zones 17, 19 north, and 22–24, and in all wildlife reserves.

2. Live baitfish — BANNED province-wide since April 1, 2017

Use or possession of live baitfish, regardless of species, is banned everywhere in Quebec — including for ice fishing. The 33 freshwater species below are also banned as bait even when dead, because using them risks introducing invasive species and diseases into water bodies.

Freshwater species banned as bait (even dead)

Bass (Achigans)Summer alewife (Alose d'été)Bullheads (Barbottes)Channel catfish (Barbue de rivière)White perch (Baret)Pikes (Brochets)Crucian carp (Carassin)Carp (Carpe)Redhorses (Chevaliers)Chinese mitten crab (Crabe chinois)Sunfish (Crapets)Walleye / sauger (Dorés)Rusty crayfish (Écrevisse à taches rouges)Murray crayfish (Écrevisse de Murray)Sturgeons (Esturgeons)Common rudd (Faux gardon)Western blacknose dace (Fouille roche gris)European roach (Gardon rouge)Round goby (Gobie à taches noires)Lampreys (Lamproies)Mooneye (Laquaiche argentée)Goldeye (Laquaiche aux yeux d'or)Longnose gar (Lépisosté osseux)Burbot (Lotte)Freshwater drum (Malachigan)Muskellunge (Maskinongés)Freshwater mollusks (Mollusques d'eau douce)Charrs (Ombles)Yellow perch (Perchaude)Bowfin (Poisson-castor)Salmon (Saumons)Tench (Tanche)Lake trout (Touladis)Trouts (Truites)

Salt water

All saltwater species are banned as bait EXCEPT: capelin, herring, mackerel, plus saltwater mollusks and crustaceans. Species protected under the federal Species at Risk Act are also banned.

CapelinHerringMackerelSaltwater mollusksSaltwater crustaceans

3. Possession and use of dead baitfish

Possession or use of dead baitfish (including dead shrimp) is allowed only in certain waters, during ice fishing periods, and at any time inside a dwelling. Rules vary per zone — check your zone's page to find out which species are allowed and during which periods.

4. Catching your own baitfish

To catch baitfish you must: hold a valid sport fishing permit, fish in waters and periods where it is allowed, use a seine net OR at most three minnow traps (except in zones 17, 22–24 and fly-only waters), label unattended traps with your name, address and permit number, and respect baitfish possession rules.

5. Importing baitfish

Importing baitfish, dead or alive, is BANNED. There are no exceptions.

Legal definition of "baitfish"

Under Quebec regulation, a baitfish is any fish, mollusk, crustacean (e.g. shrimp, crayfish), or marine animal — and any part of these animals including eggs, sperm, milt, spawn, larvae, spat, or fry — intended for use as fishing bait.

Glossary

  • Seine net (carrelet): square dip net mounted on a frame, dipped into water and lifted to collect baitfish.
  • Minnow trap (bourolle): cylindrical wire-mesh trap with a funnel entry, baited and left to attract small fish.

Need clarification?

For binding regulatory advice, contact the MELCCFP — Biodiversity, Wildlife and Parks customer service directly.

Phone (regulatory information)
1 877 346-6763

Mon, Tue, Thu, Fri: 8:30–12:00 and 13:00–16:30; Wed: 10:00–12:00 and 13:00–16:30

This page summarizes official rules in plain language for sport anglers. It is not legal advice — always verify against the MFFP source and your zone's specific regulation.