The Greenland Cod, an unknown fish in Quebec waters, primarily inhabits the cold and deep waters of the North Atlantic. Although it is rarely targeted by sport fishermen due to its low fighting ability and difficult-to-access habitat, it sparks interest among researchers for its unique biology. The Greenland Cod is typically caught accidentally during deep-sea fishing. Its distribution includes deep waters around Greenland and northern Quebec, so you are unlikely to encounter it during a traditional fishing outing.

The Greenland Cod has a laterally compressed body with smooth skin and no apparent scales. Its color ranges from dark brown to black, allowing it to blend into the seabed. The dorsal and anal fins are long and continuous, while its head is relatively small with a protractile mouth. Sexual dimorphism is not very pronounced in this species, and juveniles closely resemble adults, although they are often lighter. During spawning, the differences between males and females are subtle, making it difficult to distinguish them in the field.

The Greenland Cod is primarily found in the deep waters of the North Atlantic, including areas around Greenland and off northern Quebec. It is rarely observed in more southern or shallow waters. This fish prefers cold marine environments, often at depths ranging from 200 to 1500 meters. Due to this distribution, its presence is poorly documented in Quebec's coastal waters, and it remains a curiosity for local anglers.

The Greenland Cod favors deep, cold waters, typically beyond 200 meters in depth. It is usually found near the seabed, where it can hide among rocks and crevices. The ideal temperatures for this species range from 2 to 8 °C, which explains its preference for arctic and subarctic zones. To hope to spot it, one would need to explore the edges of continental shelves or underwater canyons, places inaccessible to common recreational fishing.

The reproduction of the Greenland Cod is still poorly studied, but it is known to spawn its eggs in deep water. The larvae, once hatched, likely float to intermediate waters before descending as they grow. Juveniles reach sexual maturity around 3 or 4 years. The estimated lifespan of this species is 5 to 8 years, although further research is needed to confirm these figures.

Timeline: Spring → Hatching → Summer → Growth → Autumn → Maturity → Winter → Spawning

The Greenland Cod is a solitary fish that spends most of its time near the seabed. It is not very territorial, but its deep habitat makes it difficult to study. Changes in pressure and light seem to have little effect on it, given that it lives at depths where these factors vary little. Surface weather conditions do not directly affect its behavior. Due to its discreet life and inhospitable habitat, it is not easily disturbed by human activities.

The diet of the Greenland Cod consists mainly of small fish, crustaceans, and other benthic invertebrates. Juveniles likely feed on zooplankton before transitioning to a more carnivorous diet as they grow. Due to its deep habitat, prey availability may vary, but it adapts by consuming a variety of marine organisms depending on the seasons.

As a deep-dwelling inhabitant, the Greenland Cod is not subject to seasonal variations like surface fish. However, its availability may be influenced by the migrations of its prey. In spring and summer, when zooplankton and small fish are abundant, it may be more active. Winter and autumn, with stable temperatures at depth, do not significantly affect its behavior. Atmospheric pressure and weather conditions at the surface have no direct impact on its fishing.

For the Greenland Cod, lures that mimic small fish or crustaceans are the most effective. Opt for dark or natural colors that blend well into deep and dimly lit environments. Phosphorescent lures can also be helpful to attract attention in the darkness of the depths.

To target the Greenland Cod, a sturdy rod of 2.4 to 3 meters is recommended, with a heavy action to withstand currents and depth. A revolving drum reel equipped with a 50 lb line is necessary to reach deep areas. Hooks should be large enough for baits intended for benthic prey. A steel leader may be useful to prevent abrasion on rocky bottoms.

As the Greenland Cod is rarely caught by recreational fishermen, it is essential to handle it carefully to minimize stress. Use a damp cloth to hold it and ensure you return it to the water quickly. If you wish to take a photo, do so quickly and avoid keeping it out of the water longer than necessary.

The main predators of the Greenland Cod include large marine predators such as certain sharks and large fish like halibut. Seabirds do not pose a direct threat due to its deep habitat.

The Greenland Cod is not currently considered threatened in Quebec, primarily due to its habitat being remote from common human activities. However, commercial fishing in deep waters could potentially affect its populations. Regulations on deep-sea fishing may include restrictions to protect this species.