The copper redhorse, an emblematic species of Quebec, is unfortunately endangered. Mainly found in the St. Lawrence River, this fish is primarily known for its crucial ecological role rather than its appeal in sport fishing. Indeed, its capture is prohibited to protect its population. However, the copper redhorse plays an important role in the aquatic ecosystem, contributing to the balance of fish populations and the health of watercourses. The copper redhorse is a schooling fish that prefers clear waters with sandy or gravelly bottoms.

The copper redhorse is distinguished by its coppery color, which gives it its name. Its body is elongated and laterally compressed, typically measuring between 40 and 60 cm long. The mouth of this fish is inferior, well adapted for feeding on the bottom. Its fins are generally orange, with the dorsal fin showing a slight curvature. The scales of the copper redhorse are large and well defined, offering a smooth texture. Young copper redhorses have a duller color than adults, while males during spawning display nuptial tubercles on their heads. Females are generally larger than males.

The copper redhorse is primarily found in the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, as well as in some of its tributaries. Its range is relatively limited, which contributes to its precarious status. It is mainly found in the regions of Montreal, Laval, and Montérégie. It is absent from isolated lakes and waters in northern Quebec. The protection of this species focuses on preserving its natural habitats, particularly critical spawning areas.

The copper redhorse prefers clear waters of large rivers and rivers, with sandy or gravelly bottoms. It likes relatively deep waters, often between 2 and 5 meters, but can also be found in shallower waters during the spawning season. The ideal temperature for the copper redhorse is between 18 and 24 °C. It is often found near shores where aquatic vegetation is abundant, providing it with protection and food.

The spawning of the copper redhorse occurs in spring, typically between late April and early June, when the water temperature reaches around 18 °C. Females lay their eggs on gravel substrates, where they adhere and are fertilized by males. The eggs hatch after about 10 days, and the larvae begin to feed on zooplankton. As they grow, the young fish move to deeper areas to protect themselves from predators. The copper redhorse reaches sexual maturity between 3 and 5 years. Spring: Spawning → Summer: Growth → Fall: Winter preparation → Winter: Relative inactivity.

The copper redhorse is a schooling fish, often found in small groups. It is not particularly territorial and often shares its habitat with other fish species. Sensitive to light changes, it prefers clear waters and is less active when the sky is overcast. The copper redhorse is also affected by sudden noises, which can cause it to hide. However, it tolerates variations in temperature and current well, allowing it to adapt to different weather conditions.

The diet of the copper redhorse evolves over its life. Fry primarily feed on zooplankton and small invertebrates. As they grow, they adopt a more varied diet, including aquatic insects, larvae, and crustaceans. Adults primarily feed on organic matter at the bottom, using their fleshy lips to probe the substrate and find benthic invertebrates. The copper redhorse feeds mostly in the morning and late afternoon when prey activity is at its peak.

The copper redhorse is most active in spring and summer when water temperatures are ideal for its metabolism and reproduction. In spring, the spawning period is crucial, and fish are often observed near the shores in shallow waters. In summer, they move to deeper waters to protect themselves from the heat. In fall, their activity gradually decreases as temperatures drop, and in winter, they enter a period of relative inactivity, seeking refuge in deeper areas to avoid freezing. The best times to observe them are early in the morning and late in the afternoon, especially in clear weather.

Although fishing for the copper redhorse is prohibited, understanding the species' preferences can aid in conservation. Generally, bottom-dwelling fish like the copper redhorse would be attracted to natural colors mimicking invertebrates, such as brown, green, and black, especially in clear waters. In murky conditions, brighter colors might be effective for other species sharing the same habitat.

For observation and photography, use a light rod for movement in the water and a waterproof camera. Binoculars with adequate magnification are useful for distant observation. Lightweight diving gear may be necessary for underwater studies, including a mask, snorkel, and fins.

Handling the copper redhorse is strictly regulated due to its endangered status. If you accidentally catch one, handle it carefully, avoiding lifting it out of the water. Ensure that the release is done quickly and gently to minimize stress. For photography, use a waterproof camera and avoid touching them.

The aquatic predators of the copper redhorse include the northern pike and the muskellunge, which can prey on young and smaller adults. Among avian predators, the heron and the osprey can capture fish in shallow waters.

The copper redhorse is an endangered species in Quebec. Fishing is prohibited, and significant conservation efforts are underway to protect its spawning habitats and promote its reproduction. Regulations impose protection zones and non-disturbance periods to support the species' survival. Any accidental capture must be reported to the relevant authorities.