The river sucker, or Moxostoma carinatum, is a freshwater fish found in the rivers of Quebec. Although it is not the primary target for sport fishermen due to its low fight, it represents an interesting challenge for those who enjoy exploring lesser-known species. Its distribution in Quebec is limited to larger waterways and areas with moderate currents. Its interest for fishing mainly lies in its respectable size and feeding behavior, which can offer a unique experience. Fishermen interested in it often appreciate the tranquility of the locations where it is found and the technique required to catch it.

The river sucker has an elongated, fusiform body adapted to life in currents. Its color ranges from olive green to brown, often with a golden hue on the sides and a paler belly. It has a protractile lower jaw, well adapted for foraging on the bottom for food. The fins are generally tinted reddish, particularly the pectoral and pelvic fins. Its caudal fin is forked, allowing it to swim efficiently in the current. The scales are large and well-defined. Young individuals are often duller than adults. During the spawning period, males may develop nuptial tubercles on their head and body, making them feel rougher to the touch.

In Quebec, the river sucker is mainly found in the southern part of the province, particularly in the watersheds of the St. Lawrence River and its tributaries. It is more common in rivers like the Outaouais and Richelieu. Its abundance varies by region, but it is generally less frequent than other sucker species. It is absent from northern regions and small streams due to its preference for larger waters and moderate currents.

The river sucker prefers rivers with moderate currents and gravel or sandy bottoms where it can easily forage for food. It is often found in clear to slightly turbid waters, at depths generally ranging from 1 to 3 meters. Structures like sandbanks, pools, and transition areas between fast and slow currents are ideal for finding it. The water temperatures it prefers are between 15 and 22 °C, which explains its increased presence in spring and fall.

The spawning of the river sucker occurs in spring, typically between April and June, when the water temperature reaches around 15 °C. Females lay their eggs in shallow areas with a gravel bottom, often in rapids or areas with moderate currents. The eggs hatch within a few days, and the fry quickly begin to feed on small invertebrates. Growth is relatively rapid in the first few years, and sexual maturity is reached between 3 and 5 years. The life cycle of the river sucker follows the seasons with increased activity in spring for spawning, active feeding in summer, a slowdown in fall, and semi-hibernation in winter.

The river sucker is generally social, forming schools especially during the spawning season. It is not territorial and often shares its habitat with other fish. It is rather discreet and reacts little to external disturbances like noise or changes in light. However, it can be sensitive to sudden changes in temperature and atmospheric pressure, which can influence its feeding behavior.

The diet of the river sucker is primarily benthic. Young individuals feed on small invertebrates, while adults consume a variety of aquatic invertebrates, including insects, crustaceans, and mollusks. In summer, when resources are abundant, their diet is more diverse. In winter, their metabolism slows down, and they consume less, primarily feeding on resources available in their immediate habitat.

In spring, the river sucker is active as soon as water temperatures begin to rise, making it a good time for fishing. In summer, it is harder to locate during hot days, preferring cooler and deeper waters. Fall is a favorable time as it actively feeds to accumulate reserves for winter. In winter, activity is reduced, but it can be caught during warming periods. Fishing is more productive early in the morning and late in the afternoon, especially in overcast or slightly rainy weather.

For the river sucker, lures are not as effective as natural baits, but if you want to try, opt for natural colors like brown, green, or yellow. In clear water, subtle colors work better, while in murky water, a bit of contrast with brighter shades like orange can help. In depth, dark colors are preferable as they are more visible in poorly lit areas.

To fish for the river sucker, a 6 to 7-foot rod with light to medium power and moderate action is ideal. A reel sized 2000 to 3000 with a line of 6 to 10 lb is sufficient. Hooks should be medium-sized (size 4 to 6), and a fluorocarbon leader can be useful for its discretion. Bring some weights to keep the bait on the bottom.

Handle the river sucker carefully to avoid damaging its skin or fins. Use a fine-mesh net to lift it out of the water and avoid holding it by the gills. If you wish to release it, do so quickly after taking a photo, ensuring it is well oxygenated before releasing.

In Quebec, the main predators of the river sucker are large carnivorous fish like the northern pike and yellow perch. Birds like herons and ospreys can also prey on young and adults in shallow waters.

The river sucker is not considered threatened in Quebec, but its population is monitored due to water quality in its habitats. Regulations encourage catch and release to maintain healthy populations. Always check local regulations before fishing.