The big-scaled lanternfish, or Neoscopelus macrolepidotus, is an uncommon fish in Quebec, mainly observed in the deep and cold waters of the North Atlantic. Although it is not targeted by sport fishermen due to its small size and difficult-to-access habitat, it attracts researchers' interest for its adaptations to deep-sea life. This fish has photophores, or light organs, which allow it to survive in the darkness of the abyss. Its role in the marine food chain is significant, serving as prey for many larger predators.

The big-scaled lanternfish has an elongated and streamlined body, typically measuring 15 to 20 cm in length. Its color ranges from silver-gray to dark brown, with metallic reflections. This fish has large scales that easily detach. The eyes are relatively large, adapted to the low light of the depths. The mouth is wide with small teeth, and the fins are well-developed, particularly the dorsal fin located towards the middle of the body. The photophores, visible along its belly, emit a bluish light. Juveniles resemble adults but are often paler. There is no obvious sexual dimorphism, even during spawning.

In Quebec, the big-scaled lanternfish is primarily found in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the deep waters of the North Atlantic. It is rare and difficult to observe directly, as it lives at depths often inaccessible to recreational fishermen. It is generally found in areas where the water temperature is cold year-round. Its abundance is poorly known due to its little-explored habitats.

This fish prefers deep waters, often between 200 and 1000 meters deep. It is well adapted to cold and dark environments, typical of the abyss. Big-scaled lanternfish frequent areas where the bottom is composed of soft sediments, near continental slopes. They are rarely encountered in coastal or shallow waters. Look for them in places where ocean currents bring nutrients, promoting an abundance of prey.

The reproduction of the big-scaled lanternfish occurs in depth, where the female releases her eggs that float until they hatch. The larvae drift in the currents before developing into juveniles and then adults. Growth is relatively rapid, with sexual maturity reached in one to two years. The average longevity is five to seven years. Spring: Spawning in depth. Summer: Rapid growth of juveniles. Autumn: Dispersion of young fish. Winter: Life in depth, reduced activity.

The big-scaled lanternfish is generally social, forming schools to protect itself from predators. It is not territorial and migrates vertically in the water column to feed, rising at night to shallower waters. This fish is sensitive to changes in light and responds to changes in barometric pressure by adjusting its depth. Surface weather conditions have little direct impact on it.

The diet of the big-scaled lanternfish varies with age. Young fish primarily feed on zooplankton, while adults consume small fish and crustaceans. The diet is opportunistic and depends on prey availability. In summer, when food is abundant, they eat more frequently. In winter, metabolism slows down and catches are less frequent.

The big-scaled lanternfish is active year-round, although seasonal variations influence its feeding behavior. Spring: Increased feeding activity with warming waters. Summer: Rapid growth period, maximum feeding activity. Autumn: Transition to greater depths as surface temperature decreases. Winter: Reduced activity, but fish remain active in depth. The best chances of observation are during nocturnal vertical migrations.

Since the big-scaled lanternfish is not targeted by sport fishermen, the choice of lures is not relevant. However, for other deep-sea fish species, luminous or phosphorescent lures may be effective in attracting attention in the dark.

For scientific observation rather than sport fishing, equipment includes underwater cameras, submersibles, and environmental measurement instruments. These tools allow studying the habitats and behaviors of deep-sea fish.

If a big-scaled lanternfish is accidentally caught in a research net, it is crucial to handle it carefully. Use wet gloves to avoid removing its scales. Release it back into the water quickly to minimize stress and ensure its survival.

The predators of the big-scaled lanternfish include larger fish such as the Greenland shark and some tunas. Seabirds, although rarely, may also prey on juveniles near the surface.

The big-scaled lanternfish is currently not endangered in Quebec, but its status is poorly documented due to its deep habitat. High seas fishery management aims to protect the ecosystems where it lives. Quick release is essential if accidentally captured.