The Arctic three-bearded rockling, although not highly prized by sport fishermen, is an interesting species in Quebec, mainly found in salt and brackish waters. It is known for its three distinct barbels that give it a unique appearance. This species is primarily targeted by marine biology enthusiasts rather than for sport, as its fight is not particularly vigorous. It is mainly found in the coastal areas of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and around the Magdalen Islands. Its presence is often indicative of a healthy marine ecosystem.

The Arctic three-bearded rockling has an elongated and slender body, typical of members of the Gadidae family. Its color is generally brownish with lighter shades on the belly, allowing it to camouflage among rocky seabeds. The patterns on its body are quite discreet, but irregular dark spots can be observed along its sides. The mouth is wide and slightly inferior, equipped with three sensitive barbels that help it detect its prey in the sediments. Its fins are typically pale, with a long dorsal fin that extends over a large part of its back. The tail is forked, allowing it to move agilely in the water. The scales are small and smooth, providing little protection against predators. Young individuals are often lighter and have less developed barbels. During spawning, males and females show no notable differences in coloration.

In Quebec, the Arctic three-bearded rockling is mainly observed in the salt and brackish waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is primarily found around the Magdalen Islands and in certain sheltered bays of the Lower North Shore. Although its presence is rarer inland, it can sometimes be seen in estuaries where freshwater mixes with saltwater, but it is less abundant there. Its distribution is generally limited to areas where water temperature remains cool year-round.

This species prefers shallow coastal waters, generally between 5 and 30 meters deep, where it can hide among rocks and algae. It is often encountered in sandy or muddy bottom areas, where it uses its barbels to detect small invertebrates buried in the substrate. In summer, it may move closer to shore to enjoy slightly warmer temperatures, but it always remains in relatively cool waters. Look for it in areas where the current is moderate, ensuring a constant food supply.

Spawning of the Arctic three-bearded rockling occurs in spring, when water temperatures begin to warm slightly. Females lay adhesive eggs on rocky bottoms or among algae, where they are protected from strong currents. After hatching, the fry remain in shallow areas and feed on zooplankton. As they grow, they migrate to deeper waters to feed on more substantial prey. Sexual maturity is generally reached between 3 and 4 years. The longevity of the species is relatively short, between 5 and 7 years.

Spring → Spawning and hatching → Summer → Rapid growth → Autumn → Migration to deeper waters → Winter → Resting and low activity period

The Arctic three-bearded rockling is a relatively solitary species, although it can sometimes be seen in small groups, especially during the spawning season. It is not particularly territorial, but it defends food-rich areas. Sensitive to changes in light, it prefers dimly lit environments and is more active at dawn and dusk. Weather conditions such as wind and atmospheric pressure have little effect on its behavior, but it avoids overly turbulent waters.

The diet of the Arctic three-bearded rockling varies depending on its life stage. Fry primarily feed on zooplankton and small crustaceans. As they grow, their diet expands to include marine worms, mollusks, and small fish. Adults are opportunistic predators, feeding on whatever they can find on the seabed, including crabs and shrimp. Their feeding activity is generally higher in spring and summer when food availability peaks.

In spring, the Arctic three-bearded rockling is more active due to spawning and foraging. The best times to fish for it are early in the morning and late in the afternoon. In summer, it can be found closer to shore, taking advantage of warmer temperatures, although activity hours remain similar. Autumn sees a decline in activity, but cloudy or slightly rainy days can stimulate its feeding behavior. In winter, it retreats to deeper waters, becoming less active, but it can still be fished on calm and sunny days.

To fish for the Arctic three-bearded rockling, use natural-colored lures that mimic typical prey, such as brown, olive green, and gray. In clear waters, lures with a metallic finish can add extra attraction. In overcast weather or murky waters, opt for brighter colors like yellow or orange to enhance visibility. Soft lures mimicking worms or small fish are particularly effective when used near the bottom.

To target the Arctic three-bearded rockling, a 6 to 7-foot rod with light to medium power and moderate action is ideal. An open-faced reel sized 2000 to 3000, with a soft drag, works well. Use a 6 to 10 lb line for increased sensitivity. Hooks sized 4 to 8 are suitable for natural baits. A 12 lb fluorocarbon leader can be used in clear waters to reduce line visibility.

When you catch an Arctic three-bearded rockling, handle it carefully to avoid injuring it, as its skin is fragile. Use a damp cloth to hold it without removing its protective mucus. If you want to release it, do so quickly and ensure it is well oxygenated before letting it go. For photos, keep it close to the water to minimize stress and ensure proper support.

The main predators of the Arctic three-bearded rockling include larger fish such as cod and rockfish. Seabirds, such as gulls and cormorants, may also prey on young individuals when they venture near the surface.

The Arctic three-bearded rockling is not currently considered an endangered species in Quebec. However, like many marine species, it is important to monitor its populations and adhere to local fishing regulations. Catch and release is encouraged to help maintain a healthy ecological balance.