The Atlantic cod, also known as the "redfish of the Atlantic", is a saltwater fish well known to fishermen on the east coast of Quebec. Although it is not particularly prized for its fighting ability, it represents an interesting challenge due to its longevity and ability to live in deep waters. Its distribution mainly extends in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and along the Atlantic coast. As a slow-growing fish, it is often fished for its tasty flesh and is more of a commercial interest than a sport one.

The Atlantic cod is distinguished by its robust and elongated body, covered with small rough scales. Its color varies from bright red to orange depending on age and environment, with faint dark crossbands. Its mouth is terminal, with prominent lips and small but sharp teeth. The dorsal fins are spiny, while the caudal fin is slightly forked. Young cod tend to be paler than adults, with more pronounced patterns. There is no notable difference between males and females, even during the spawning period.

In Quebec, the Atlantic cod is mainly found in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and along the coasts of Gaspésie. It is less abundant in Chaleurs Bay and rare in the waters further north, such as around the Îles-de-la-Madeleine. This species prefers deep and cold waters, often found at depths of up to 300 meters. Its distribution is influenced by ocean currents and spawning areas.

The Atlantic cod primarily inhabits rocky seabeds and reef areas, where it finds shelter and food. It prefers cold, deep waters, typically between 100 and 300 meters deep. The optimal temperature for this species is between 4 and 12 °C, which explains its preference for the waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Fishermen should look for complex underwater structures, such as canyons and plateaus, where cod often gather.

The life cycle of the Atlantic cod is marked by slow growth and exceptional longevity, exceeding 50 years. Reproduction generally occurs in winter, with an internal gestation period, females giving birth to live larvae in spring. Young cod grow slowly, reaching sexual maturity around 8 to 10 years. Their growth is influenced by food availability and environmental conditions. Spring → Birth of larvae → Summer → Juvenile growth → Autumn → Preparation for spawning → Winter → Spawning.

The Atlantic cod exhibits gregarious behavior, often forming large schools, especially during spawning periods. It is not particularly territorial, but it can be cautious in the face of sudden environmental changes, such as noise or mechanical disturbances. This species is more active during low light periods, preferring darker environments to feed and move.

The diet of the Atlantic cod is carnivorous, consisting mainly of small fish, crustaceans, and benthic invertebrates. Young cod primarily feed on zooplankton and small crustaceans, while adults target larger prey, such as forage fish and shrimp. In winter, their metabolism slows down, and they reduce their feeding activity, focusing on available prey in their deep habitat.

Fishing for Atlantic cod is optimal during the summer and autumn months when weather conditions are more stable and fish are more active. In spring, they are often found at greater depths due to the spawning period. In winter, their activity decreases, making them harder to catch. The best times to fish for them are early in the morning or late in the afternoon when light is reduced. Conditions of low barometric pressure and overcast skies are often conducive to successful fishing.

For Atlantic cod, opt for brightly colored lures in clear water, such as red or orange, which mimic the natural color of fish. In murky water, fluorescent or phosphorescent colors can increase visibility. Metallic lures that reflect light are also effective, especially in deeper waters where natural light is limited.

To fish for Atlantic cod, use a sturdy rod of 6 to 8 feet with medium to heavy power and moderate action. A medium-sized spinning or baitcasting reel is ideal, equipped with a braided line of 20 to 30 lb for its sensitivity and strength. Hooks should be medium-sized, suited to the bait used, and a 20 lb fluorocarbon leader can help reduce line visibility in the water.

When handling Atlantic cod, use gloves to protect yourself from dorsal spines. Handle the fish carefully to avoid damaging it, and if possible, release it quickly to increase its chances of survival. For a photo, support the fish under the belly and avoid holding it by the gills.

Natural predators of Atlantic cod include sharks and large predatory fish, such as Atlantic halibut. Seabirds, like cormorants, can also capture young cod when they are closer to the surface.

Atlantic cod is a vulnerable species due to its slow growth and historical overfishing. In Quebec, management measures such as catch quotas and minimum sizes are in place to protect this species. The release of unwanted individuals is encouraged to help maintain populations.