The beardless cod, also known by its scientific name Arctogadus glacialis, is a fish from the Gadidae family that primarily inhabits Arctic waters. In Quebec, it is rarely targeted by sport fishermen due to its limited distribution and low fighting ability. However, it attracts the interest of researchers and marine biology enthusiasts because of its adaptation to extreme environments. Its distribution is mainly concentrated in the cold waters of the north, particularly around the Canadian Arctic archipelago.

The beardless cod has an elongated, fusiform body, typical of fish in the Gadidae family. It is generally silver-gray with slightly bluish reflections. Its fins are translucent, and it has very small scales that give it a smooth appearance. The mouth is relatively small, without barbels, distinguishing it from some related species like cod. Young beardless cod are more slender and have brighter coloration compared to adults. The differences between males and females are subtle, but females tend to be slightly larger during spawning.

In Quebec, the beardless cod is mainly found in Arctic waters, particularly around the Canadian Arctic archipelago. It is not common in the more temperate waters of southern Quebec. Its distribution is limited to areas where the water temperature is consistently cold, restricting its habitat range to northern regions. This species is not considered abundant, and it is rarely observed outside its natural habitat.

The beardless cod prefers cold, deep waters, often near rocky or sandy seabeds. It is mainly found in areas where the water temperature ranges between −2 and 2 °C. Due to its preferences, it is more common in Arctic marine environments, where it can be observed at depths of up to 200 meters. Fishermen targeting this species should focus on areas with moderate currents and good food availability.

The spawning of the beardless cod generally occurs in winter, when temperatures are at their coldest. Females lay their eggs among rocky substrates, where they are protected from predators. The eggs hatch in spring, and the fry grow rapidly during the summer months, benefiting from the increased food availability. Sexual maturity is reached around the age of 3 to 4 years. Spring → Egg hatching → Summer → Rapid growth → Autumn → Preparation for spawning → Winter → Spawning.

The beardless cod is a rather gregarious fish, often observed in small schools. It is not particularly territorial and seems to tolerate the presence of other fish species. Sensitive to changes in light, it prefers low-light environments and avoids bright areas. Weather conditions, such as strong winds and pressure changes, can affect its movements, prompting it to seek refuge in deeper waters.

The diet of the beardless cod varies according to its life stage. Young fish primarily feed on zooplankton, while adults turn to larger prey such as small fish and crustaceans. During summer, when food is abundant, their consumption significantly increases. In winter, as resources become scarcer, they slow down their activity and reduce their intake.

Fishing for beardless cod is primarily a summer activity when conditions are more favorable for accessing its habitat. The best times to catch it are early in the morning or late in the evening when light is low. Overcast days with stable pressure are ideal for maximizing catch chances. In winter, although fishing is possible, extreme conditions make access difficult and unappealing for most fishermen.

In clear waters, use lures of silver or bluish color to mimic the natural reflections of the beardless cod. In murky water or overcast conditions, brighter or contrasting colors may be more effective in attracting the fish's attention. Phosphorescent lures can also be useful in dark depths.

To fish for beardless cod, a medium-length rod with light to medium power is recommended. An open-faced reel with a line of 10 to 15 lb is ideal for this type of fishing. Use small hooks and a fluorocarbon leader for added discretion.

Handling the beardless cod should be done gently to minimize stress. Use wet hands or a damp cloth to avoid damaging its skin. If you plan to release it, do so quickly after capture to maximize its chances of survival.

The main predators of the beardless cod include seals and certain larger fish species like cod. Seabirds, such as gulls, can also be occasional predators, especially for young fish.

The beardless cod is not currently considered a threatened species in Quebec. However, due to its restricted habitat in Arctic waters, it is sensitive to environmental changes, particularly climate change. Fishermen are encouraged to practice catch and release to preserve local populations.