The white sucker, scientifically known as Moxostoma anisurum, is a freshwater fish commonly found in the rivers and lakes of Quebec. Although it is not the main target of sport fishermen, it attracts interest for its respectable size and abundant presence. The white sucker is appreciated for its ability to provide a moderate fight on light tackle, making it appealing to rod-and-reel enthusiasts. In Quebec, it is mainly found in the watersheds of the Saint Lawrence and Outaouais rivers, as well as in several lakes in the southern part of the province.

The white sucker has a fusiform and elongated body, typical of members of the Catostomidae family. Its color ranges from silvery gray to white, with golden reflections on the flanks, particularly visible in sunlight. The fins are generally clear with a slight pinkish tint. The mouth is inferior, typical of sucker fish, allowing it to feed effectively on the bottom. The caudal fin is forked, facilitating quick movements in the water. The scales are large and well-defined, offering a rough texture to the touch. Young white suckers have more pronounced patterns than adults, which tend to have a more uniform color. During the spawning period, males may develop nuptial tubercles on their heads and fins, a trait less pronounced in females.

In Quebec, the white sucker is primarily present in the watershed of the Saint Lawrence River, including the rivers and tributaries that flow into it. It is also found in the calm waters of the Outaouais, as well as in several lakes in the southern part of the province. It is less common in northern regions, where climatic and hydrological conditions are not as favorable. This species is quite abundant in areas where it is present, benefiting from the nutrient-rich waters of the rivers and lakes in southern Quebec.

The white sucker prefers clear to slightly turbid waters, with a moderate to slow current. It generally inhabits rivers and lakes with sandy or gravel bottoms, where it can easily access its food. Shallow areas near the shores, where aquatic vegetation is abundant, are preferred habitats, especially during the spawning period. In summer, it tends to move to deeper waters to avoid excessive heat. Submerged structures like rocks and tree trunks provide natural shelter for this species.

The reproduction of the white sucker occurs in spring when the water temperature reaches around 15 °C. The fish migrate to shallow areas with gravel bottoms to spawn. Females lay thousands of eggs that adhere to the substrate, while males fertilize the eggs. The eggs hatch after about a week, and the fry begin to feed on zooplankton. As they grow, their diet expands to include aquatic insects and small crustaceans. Sexual maturity is reached between 3 and 5 years, and the longevity of the white sucker can extend up to 12 years. Spring → Spawning → Summer → Growth → Fall → Winter preparation → Winter → Rest

The white sucker is a social species, especially visible in large groups during the spawning period. Outside of this period, it can be observed in small groups or individually. This fish is not particularly territorial, but it can be cautious in the face of disturbances. It is generally active during the day, with a preference for low-light hours, such as early morning or late afternoon. Weather changes, such as a drop in pressure or overcast skies, can influence its activity, making it more likely to feed.

The diet of the white sucker varies depending on its life stage. Fry primarily feed on zooplankton and small invertebrates. As they grow, their diet expands to include aquatic insects, larvae, and crustaceans. Adults also consume plant material and organic detritus, which they filter from the substrate using their sucker mouth. In the fall, before winter, they increase their food consumption to build energy reserves.

In spring, the white sucker is active and focused on reproduction. Fishing is easier in shallow spawning areas during this time. In summer, it moves to deeper and cooler waters, which can make fishing more challenging without a boat. Fall is a period of high feeding activity before winter, with fish feeding intensively. In winter, the white sucker becomes less active, staying in deeper waters where it conserves energy. The best times to fish for it are early in the morning and late in the afternoon, especially on overcast days.

For the white sucker, natural lures like worm and larva imitations work well. In clear water, prefer subtle colors like brown or green. In murky waters, opt for brighter colors like yellow or orange to attract attention. On sunny days, metallic lures can reflect light and stimulate the fish's interest, while on overcast days, matte colors are more effective.

To fish for the white sucker, a light to medium rod of about 2.1 to 2.4 meters is ideal. Opt for a fast action to feel subtle bites. A fixed spool reel size 2000 to 3000 with a line of 6 to 10 lb is recommended. Use hooks size 6 to 10, depending on the bait. A fluorocarbon leader can be useful for its invisibility in clear water.

Handle the white sucker carefully using both hands to support it, especially if it is a large specimen. For release, ensure that the fish is well-oxygenated before gently letting it go back into the water. For a photo, avoid holding it out of the water for too long and take your picture quickly to minimize the fish's stress.

Natural predators of the white sucker include larger fish like pike and muskellunge. Piscivorous birds, such as herons and ospreys, may also target young white suckers. These predators play an important role in controlling white sucker populations.

The white sucker is not considered a threatened species in Quebec. Populations are stable, thanks to good habitat management and appropriate fishing regulations. Catch-and-release is encouraged for larger specimens to maintain healthy populations. Anglers should adhere to local regulations regarding fishing seasons and catch limits.