The redhorse, also known by its scientific name Moxostoma macrolepidotum, is a freshwater fish found widely in Quebec. Although it is not the primary target for sport fishermen due to its moderate fight, it still offers an interesting challenge, especially for beginners or those seeking a relaxing fishing experience. This fish is appreciated for its beauty and presence in several rivers and lakes in Quebec, particularly in the southern part of the province. Its distribution is vast, covering areas such as the Saint Lawrence watershed, and it is often caught accidentally while fishing for other species like walleye or pike.

The redhorse is an elegant fish, recognizable by its fusiform body and silver scales that can reflect reddish hues, especially during the spawning season. Its mouth is inferior, typical of suckers, and adapted for feeding on the bottom. Its fins, especially the caudal fin, are often tinged with red, which gives it its name. Young fish are similar to adults but may display duller colors. Males during spawning season develop nuptial tubercles, which are small protuberances on the head and pectoral fins, distinguishing them from females.

In Quebec, the redhorse is widely distributed in the watersheds of the Saint Lawrence and Outaouais. It is commonly found in rivers and lakes in the southern part of the province, but is less present in more northern regions where water temperatures are too low for it. Generally, it is quite abundant and can be observed in varied habitats, although it prefers clear, well-oxygenated waters.

The redhorse primarily inhabits rivers with moderate currents and shallow lakes with gravel or sandy bottoms. It prefers clear, well-oxygenated waters, although it can tolerate murkier conditions. It is often found at depths ranging from 1 to 3 meters, near structures like rocks or submerged debris. In summer, it may move to deeper areas to avoid overly warm waters.

The life cycle of the redhorse begins with spawning, which occurs in spring when the water temperature reaches around 15 °C. Females lay their eggs on gravel bottoms where they hatch after about a week. Young fish grow quickly and reach sexual maturity between 3 and 4 years. The longevity of the redhorse is generally 8 to 10 years. Spring: Spawning → Summer: Rapid growth → Autumn: Preparation for winter → Winter: Slowed metabolism.

The redhorse is a social fish, often observed in small groups, especially outside the spawning season. It is not particularly territorial and tolerates the presence of other fish well. However, it can be sensitive to noise and disturbances, making it sometimes difficult to approach. On cloudy or windy days, it may become more active and move to shallower waters to feed.

The diet of the redhorse varies depending on its age and the season. Fry primarily feed on zooplankton and small aquatic invertebrates. As they grow, they become primarily benthivorous, feeding on insect larvae, small crustaceans, and organic matter. In summer, their feeding activity is at its peak, while in winter, they reduce their consumption due to slowed metabolism.

In spring, the redhorse is more active with rising temperatures, coinciding with the spawning period. In summer, it remains active, especially early in the morning and late in the afternoon when temperatures are cooler. Autumn is a transition period where it prepares for winter, gradually decreasing its activity. In winter, its metabolism slows considerably, and it remains inactive in deeper areas. The best conditions for fishing are on overcast or slightly windy days.

In clear waters, opt for lures in natural colors like brown or green to mimic the redhorse's natural environment. On sunny days, metallic colors can be effective in creating attractive reflections. In murky waters, brighter colors like yellow or orange can help catch the fish's attention. In depth, prefer phosphorescent lures or those with shiny elements.

For the redhorse, a light to medium rod about 6 to 7 feet is ideal. A rod with moderate action will allow you to feel subtle bites well. Use a reel sized 2000-3000, and a line of 6 to 10 lb will suffice. Hooks sized 6 to 10 are suitable, and a fluorocarbon leader can be useful for discretion.

Handle the redhorse carefully to avoid damaging it. Wet your hands before touching it to preserve its protective mucus layer. When releasing it back into the water, support it until it is ready to swim away on its own. For a photo, hold the fish horizontally and avoid keeping it out of the water too long.

The redhorse is preyed upon by various predators in Quebec, including pike and walleye. Birds such as herons and ospreys may also target young fish. These predators play an important role in the balance of the ecosystem.

The redhorse is not currently considered a threatened species in Quebec. However, it is important to respect local regulations regarding fishing and catch-and-release to ensure its population. The conservation of aquatic habitats is crucial to maintain its presence in our waterways.