The berglax grenadier, although not well known to sport fishermen, is a fascinating species from the deep waters of Quebec. It is not particularly sought after for its fighting ability, but it attracts biologists and deep-sea fishing enthusiasts due to its presence in extreme environments. It is mainly found in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the cold, deep waters of the North Atlantic. Fishing for it requires a good understanding of deep-sea fishing techniques and specialized equipment.

The berglax grenadier has an elongated, tapered body that ends in a whip-like tail. Its color ranges from gray to dark brown, often with silvery reflections on the belly. It has a large head with a prominent lower jaw and relatively large eyes adapted to the low light of the depths. The dorsal fins are long, and the pectoral fins are well-developed, giving it a unique appearance among deep-sea fish. Young grenadiers are generally lighter than adults, and males and females do not exhibit marked sexual dimorphism, even during spawning periods.

In Quebec, the berglax grenadier is mainly present in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where it inhabits deep waters. Its range also extends to the North Atlantic, from Nova Scotia to Greenland. It is less common in shallow coastal waters, preferring areas beyond 200 meters deep. Its presence is less abundant than that of other bottom fish species, making it more difficult to target for sport fishermen.

The berglax grenadier prefers cold, deep waters, typically at depths between 200 and 1500 meters. It is typically associated with muddy or sandy seabeds, where it finds refuge and food. The water temperature in these habitats is generally low, around 2 to 5 °C, which corresponds to its ideal environment. To find it, one must target underwater canyon areas and continental shelves, where ocean currents bring an abundance of food.

The reproduction of the berglax grenadier is slow, with sexual maturity reached around 8 to 10 years. Spawning occurs in deep waters, where the eggs float in the currents until they hatch. The larvae and young grenadiers spend their early years at shallower depths before joining adults in deeper areas. The longevity of this species can reach 30 years, which is exceptional for a fish of this kind. Spring → Egg hatching → Summer → Young growth → Autumn → Migration to depths → Winter → Spawning.

The berglax grenadier is generally solitary, although it may be found in small groups in food-rich areas. It is not particularly territorial and moves according to currents and food availability. Sensitive to changes in light, it remains mainly active in the darkness of the deep. Variations in pressure and storms have little effect on its behavior, given its preferred habitat.

The diet of the berglax grenadier mainly consists of crustaceans, small fish, and cephalopods. Young grenadiers primarily feed on plankton and small invertebrates. As they age, their diet becomes more varied and opportunistic, sometimes including organic debris deposited on the seabed. Feeding periods are influenced by the vertical migrations of their prey, which are more active at night.

Fishing for the berglax grenadier is possible year-round, but the best periods are summer and autumn when sea conditions are more favorable. In winter, fishing is more difficult due to weather conditions and ice. In spring, fishing is also possible, although catches are often smaller. Nighttime hours are often more favorable, as the fish are more active and feed closer to the bottom. Calm days with little wind and stable pressure offer the best chances of success.

To fish for the berglax grenadier, prioritize bright and phosphorescent lures that stand out in the darkness of the deep. In clear water, silver and white colors are effective, while in murky water, bright shades like yellow and orange can yield good results. Lures that emit vibrations or sounds are also useful for attracting this fish in its dark habitat.

Opt for a sturdy fishing rod of 2.4 to 3 meters with a heavy action to handle the weight of the lures and depth. A spinning reel or electric reel is recommended for managing depth and fish weight. Use a braided line of 50 to 80 lb to withstand the harsh conditions of the seabed. Circle hooks size 6/0 to 8/0 are ideal for ensuring a good catch. A 50 lb fluorocarbon leader is advisable for its abrasion resistance.

Handle the berglax grenadier with care, as it is sensitive and its scales come off easily. Use a damp cloth to hold it without damaging it. If you release it back into the water, do so quickly to minimize stress and injury. For a photo, support it well under the belly and avoid suspending it by the mouth or gills.

The predators of the berglax grenadier mainly include other large bottom fish, such as sharks and cod. Seabirds, although they do not directly hunt grenadiers, may sometimes catch young ones near the surface.

The berglax grenadier is currently not considered a threatened species in Quebec, but its fishing is regulated to ensure the sustainability of populations. Fishermen are encouraged to practice catch and release to preserve this slow-growing species. Catch quotas may be in place depending on the areas and seasons.