The Arctic cod, known by its scientific name Lycodes reticulatus, is a fish primarily found in cold and brackish waters. Although it is not a popular target for sport fishing in Quebec due to its low fighting ability and difficult-to-access habitat, it piques the interest of curious marine life enthusiasts. This fish is mainly found in the waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Arctic regions, where it contributes to the ecological balance as a predator of small invertebrates. Its presence in deep, cold waters makes it a challenge for those looking to observe or study it.

The Arctic cod has an elongated, serpent-like body typical of the Zoarcidae family. Its skin is smooth and lacks visible scales, giving it a somewhat slippery appearance. Its body color ranges from brown to dark gray, with characteristic reticulated patterns that blend well with the seabed. Its head is small with a terminal mouth equipped with fine teeth adapted for capturing mobile prey. The dorsal and anal fins are long and continuous, almost merging with the rounded caudal fin. Young individuals often have brighter colors than adults, who tend to be more muted. There are no notable differences between males and females during the spawning period.

In Quebec, the Arctic cod is primarily found in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Arctic waters. It is rarely observed in coastal areas, preferring deeper, colder waters. Its distribution is largely influenced by water temperature, which must remain low throughout the year. Although it is not abundant, it plays an important ecological role in these marine ecosystems. The absence of this species in the warmer, less saline waters of the St. Lawrence River is notable.

The Arctic cod prefers the cold, deep waters of the sea, often at depths of 50 to 300 meters. It typically inhabits rocky or muddy habitats where it can hide from predators and search for food. The ideal temperatures for this species range between 1 and 5 °C, explaining its presence mainly in northern regions. To find it, one often has to explore remote coastal areas and sufficient depths to ensure a stable, low temperature.

The spawning of the Arctic cod occurs in deep waters during the coldest months of the year. Females lay adhesive eggs that attach to the substrate until hatching. The young, upon hatching, are already well-formed and quickly begin to hunt for prey suitable for their size. Growth is relatively slow due to cold conditions and limited resources. Individuals reach sexual maturity around 2 to 3 years of age and can live up to 7 years in their natural environment. Spring → Hatching → Growth → Summer → Feeding → Autumn → Preparation for spawning → Winter → Spawning

The Arctic cod is a solitary fish that prefers to remain hidden in crevices or under rocks. It is not territorial but can display defensive behaviors if disturbed. This fish is quite resistant to pressure changes but prefers calm, dark environments, making it less active during intense light conditions. Sudden temperature changes or loud noises can drive it to seek refuge deeper.

The diet of the Arctic cod primarily consists of small marine invertebrates such as crustaceans, worms, and mollusks. Young individuals feed on planktonic organisms until they are large enough to hunt for more substantial prey. In winter, when resources are more limited, it may reduce its feeding activity and settle for what is available. Feeding is more active in spring and summer when marine productivity is at its peak.

Fishing for the Arctic cod is rarely practiced due to its difficult-to-access habitat. In spring and summer, the chances of observing it are better due to its increased feeding activity. Cloudy days or overcast skies are ideal for attempting to spot it, as it avoids direct light. Calm sea conditions are preferable for exploring rocky areas where it hides. In autumn and winter, it becomes harder to locate due to decreased activity.

The Arctic cod reacts little to artificial lures, but if you want to attract it, favor natural and subtle colors that blend into the marine environment. Dark shades like brown or dark green are effective, especially in murky waters or under an overcast sky. In clearer waters, a lure with a reticulated pattern could simulate a natural prey.

To attempt to capture or observe the Arctic cod, use a sturdy rod of 6 to 7 feet, with medium to heavy power to withstand marine currents. An open-face reel with sufficient line capacity to reach the depths is recommended. A 20 to 30 lb line is ideal for this deep-sea fishing, with medium-sized hooks. A 20 lb fluorocarbon leader can help avoid friction against rocks.

Due to its smooth and scaleless skin, handling the Arctic cod requires delicacy to avoid damaging it. If you manage to catch one, be sure to return it to the water quickly and carefully to minimize stress. For a photo, keep it in the water as much as possible and avoid squeezing its internal organs.

The main predators of the Arctic cod in Quebec waters include larger fish such as Greenland halibut and some seabirds that can capture young individuals near the coast.

The Arctic cod is not currently threatened in Quebec, but its specific habitat makes it vulnerable to climate change and marine pollution. No specific regulations apply to its fishing, but it is recommended to release it to preserve local populations.