The Atlantic lycod is also known by its scientific name Lycodes terraenovae. It is a marine fish found primarily in the cold waters of the North Atlantic. Although it is not highly sought after for sport fishing due to its low fighting ability, it attracts the interest of marine biologists and anglers seeking diversity. In Quebec, it is mainly found in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and adjacent waters, where it frequents rocky and sandy bottoms. Its distribution is generally limited to marine environments, although it can tolerate slightly brackish waters. The Atlantic lycod is often caught accidentally while fishing for other more popular species.

The Atlantic lycod has an elongated, eel-like body that may seem somewhat intimidating to the uninitiated. Its color typically ranges from brown to grayish, with lighter shades on the belly. The patterns on its body consist of faint dark bands or spots, which can vary in prominence depending on the individual. The mouth of the lycod is relatively small, with teeth well adapted for grasping slippery prey. Its dorsal and anal fins are long and continuous, extending almost to the rounded tail. The scales are small and difficult to see with the naked eye, giving its skin a smooth texture. Young lycodes are often more colorful than adults, sometimes displaying bluish reflections. There is no marked sexual dimorphism between males and females, even during spawning.

In Quebec, the Atlantic lycod is mainly found in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, as well as in the surrounding coastal waters. It is particularly abundant around the Magdalen Islands and in deep marine areas where the bottoms are rocky or sandy. Although it may occasionally be present in brackish waters, it generally prefers marine environments. This species is absent from Quebec's inland waters as it does not tolerate freshwater conditions. Its distribution is largely influenced by water temperature, preferring cold waters.

The Atlantic lycod is a benthic fish, meaning it primarily lives near the seafloor. It frequents areas where the bottoms are rocky or sandy, often at depths ranging from 20 to 200 meters. Due to its preference for cold waters, it is generally found in regions where the water temperature remains between 1 and 10 °C. To spot it, look in areas where the marine currents are moderate and where it can hide among rocks or in crevices. It is rarely observed near the surface, preferring depths where it feels safer.

The reproduction of the Atlantic lycod generally takes place during the winter months, when temperatures are at their lowest. Females lay their eggs on the seafloor, often in rocky crevices or under algae, where they are protected from predators. The eggs hatch after several weeks, giving rise to larvae that develop slowly. Young lycodes reach sexual maturity around the age of 3 to 4 years. Their longevity is relatively short for a marine fish, typically living between 5 and 8 years. Spring → Hatching and growth of juveniles → Summer → Continued growth → Autumn → Preparation for spawning → Winter → Spawning and laying eggs.

The Atlantic lycod is primarily a solitary fish, although it is sometimes observed in small groups, especially during the breeding season. It is not particularly territorial and often shares its habitat with other benthic species. This fish is relatively insensitive to atmospheric pressure variations but prefers calm environments and is less active during storms or strong currents. The lycod is more active at dusk and dawn, when light levels are low, allowing it to blend better into its environment.

The diet of the Atlantic lycod varies with age and prey availability. Young lycodes primarily feed on small crustaceans and fish larvae. As they grow, they expand their diet to include mollusks, marine worms, and small fish. The lycod is an opportunistic predator, adapting its diet according to seasonal changes and available resources. During winter, when food is scarcer, it may reduce its activity and survive on its reserves.

Fishing for Atlantic lycod can be done year-round, although optimal conditions are often found during the winter months and early spring when the fish is more active due to spawning. The best times to catch it are early in the morning or late in the evening when the lycod leaves its shelter to hunt. It is less active during very sunny weather, preferring cloudy or slightly rainy days. Variations in atmospheric pressure have little impact on its behavior, but strong marine currents can force it to stay sheltered.

When fishing for Atlantic lycod, choose lures that mimic natural prey, such as small fish or crustaceans. In clear water, prefer natural colors like brown or green to blend into the environment. On cloudy days or in murky water, brighter colors like yellow or orange can help attract the fish's attention. Don’t hesitate to vary lure sizes to find what works best based on depth and water clarity.

To fish for the Atlantic lycod, opt for a rod 2.1 to 2.4 meters long with light to medium power and moderate action. A reel size of 2500 to 3000, spooled with 10 to 15 lb line, is generally sufficient. Use size 2 to 4 hooks with fluorocarbon leaders for better stealth. Since lycodes are often found near rocky structures, an abrasion-resistant leader can be useful.

The Atlantic lycod should be handled carefully due to its delicate skin. Use wet hands or a damp cloth to grasp it and minimize the time spent out of the water to reduce stress. If you wish to release it, ensure it is well reoxygenated before letting it go. For photos, prefer an angle where the fish is supported both under the head and tail to avoid damaging it.

In Quebec waters, the Atlantic lycod can be preyed upon by larger fish such as halibut or cod. Seabirds, such as gulls, may also target young lycodes when they are near the surface. Seals, common in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, are also potential predators.

The Atlantic lycod is not currently considered a threatened species in Quebec. However, the management of commercial and recreational fisheries is essential to ensure the sustainability of its populations. It is important to respect local regulations regarding quotas and minimum sizes. The release of accidentally caught individuals also contributes to the conservation of the species.