The fourbeard rockling, scientifically known as Enchelyopus cimbrius, is a little-known bottom fish among sport fishermen in Quebec. Although it is not highly sought after for recreational fishing due to its small size and weak fight, it plays an important role in the marine ecosystem. This fish is mainly found in the brackish and salt waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the estuary. Fishermen interested in the marine diversity of Quebec may encounter it by chance when targeting other bottom species, such as cod or rockfish.

The fourbeard rockling has an elongated, cylindrical body typical of bottom fish. Its color varies from light brown to dark brown, with a paler belly. It is distinguished by its four very sensitive barbels located around its mouth, which it uses to detect food in the substrate. The fins are rounded and well adapted for bottom life. Its tail is slightly forked, giving it good maneuverability in shallow waters. The scales are small and well embedded in the skin, giving this fish a slightly rough texture. Young fish usually have a brighter color than adults. There is no notable difference between males and females, even during the spawning period.

In Quebec, the fourbeard rockling is mainly found in the waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the estuary. It prefers coastal areas where the bottom is sandy or muddy. Although it is relatively abundant in these regions, it is often overlooked by sport fishermen who prefer larger and more combative species. It is not found in freshwater inland waters, as it is strictly marine or brackish.

The fourbeard rockling frequents the sandy and muddy bottoms of coastal waters, where it can easily camouflage and feed. It is generally found at depths of 10 to 100 meters, although it may occasionally be encountered deeper. It prefers cold temperatures typical of the waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. To find it, look in areas with moderate currents, which allow for good food circulation. Structures such as wrecks or rocks can also shelter this species.

The fourbeard rockling reaches sexual maturity around 2 to 3 years of age. Spawning usually occurs in spring when water temperatures start to warm up. Females lay their eggs in the substrate, where they are protected by natural camouflage. After hatching, young rocklings develop quickly, reaching their adult size in about a year. Their lifespan is relatively short, not exceeding 6 years. Spring → Spawning → Summer → Rapid growth → Autumn → Preparation for winter → Winter → Slowed life

The fourbeard rockling is a solitary fish that spends most of its time foraging on the bottom. It is not territorial and moves little, except to feed or spawn. It is more active at night, using its barbels to detect prey in the dark. Changes in atmospheric pressure have little effect on it, but it tends to hide more when weather conditions are poor or there is a lot of noise.

The diet of the fourbeard rockling mainly consists of small benthic invertebrates, such as worms, crustaceans, and mollusks. Young fish primarily feed on zooplankton and small organisms, while adults prefer larger prey that they find by digging in the substrate. In winter, their metabolism slows down and they consume less food, focusing on easy-to-catch prey.

In spring, the fourbeard rockling is more active as it prepares for spawning. It is easier to catch early in the morning or late in the evening. In summer, it remains in deeper waters to avoid the heat, but it is still active at night. Autumn is a time of great feeding activity before winter, making it a good time to fish for it. In winter, although less active, it can still be caught in areas where the water is sufficiently oxygenated. Cloudy days and light winds are the most favorable for fishing for the rockling.

Lures are not commonly used for the fourbeard rockling, as it prefers natural baits. However, if you want to experiment, opt for natural colors like brown or gray that mimic small fish or invertebrates. In clear waters, use lures with metallic reflections to attract its attention. In murky water, lures with vibration or a slight sound may be more effective.

To fish for the fourbeard rockling, a light to medium rod of 6 to 7 feet with a moderate action is ideal. A spinning reel sized 2000 to 3000 is sufficient. Use a line of 6 to 10 lb to withstand abrasion against the bottom. Hooks sized 6 to 8 are suitable for this species. A fluorocarbon leader can be used for its discretion and abrasion resistance.

Handle the fourbeard rockling carefully due to its small size and delicate skin. Use wet hands to avoid damaging its protective mucus. If you release it back into the water, do so quickly and gently. For a photo, hold it close to the water to minimize the time out of the water.

Natural predators of the fourbeard rockling include larger bottom fish such as cod and rockfish. Seabirds, such as cormorants, can also capture it when it is near the surface.

The fourbeard rockling is not endangered in Quebec and is not subject to specific management measures. However, it is important to practice catch and release to maintain healthy populations, especially in areas where it may be captured as bycatch.