The velvet tail ray is a little-known cartilaginous fish among sport fishermen but attracts the interest of ichthyologists for its ecological role. It can be found in the cold and temperate waters of the Northwest Atlantic, including the coastal waters of Quebec. Although its capture is not common in sport fishing, it is an integral part of marine ecosystems. Its distribution in Quebec is primarily coastal, particularly in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The velvet tail ray is not known for its fierce fight, but catching it can present an interesting challenge for anglers curious to discover less conventional species.

The velvet tail ray has a flattened body characteristic of rays, with a color generally brownish to grayish on the top, sprinkled with lighter spots that allow it to camouflage itself on the seabed. Its ventral side is lighter, often white. The tail is long and tapered, covered with small spines that give it a velvety texture, hence its name. The pectoral fins are wide and wing-shaped, while the mouth is located on the underside, adapted to its bottom-dwelling lifestyle. Young rays closely resemble adults, although their patterns are often more pronounced. There is no obvious sexual dimorphism between males and females, except during spawning when males may be more active.

The velvet tail ray is present in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and its surroundings, particularly in coastal areas and estuaries. It prefers cold and temperate waters typical of this region. Although it is not abundant, it is regularly observed by researchers and commercial fishermen. Its absence is noted in warmer waters and river areas too far from marine influence. It shares its habitat with other species of rays and various bottom fish.

This ray primarily frequents sandy or muddy bottoms, where it partially hides under the substrate. It is usually found at depths ranging from 50 to 200 meters, although observations have been made at greater depths. The ideal water temperature is between 5 and 15 °C. Look for it in bays and estuaries where currents bring an abundance of food. Underwater structures such as reefs and wrecks can also harbor this species.

The reproduction of the velvet tail ray occurs through egg-laying. Females lay eggs encapsulated in horny capsules, often called 'mermaid's purses'. These capsules are deposited on the seabed and hatch after several months, releasing fully formed young rays. Growth is relatively slow, and sexual maturity is reached between 3 and 4 years. The lifespan of this species is 8 to 10 years.

Spring → Egg-laying → Summer → Hatching of young → Autumn → Growth → Winter → Resting period

The velvet tail ray is rather solitary and non-territorial, although it may be observed in small groups in food-rich areas. It is generally little affected by noise and weather changes, but it can be sensitive to variations in light, preferring darker waters. It spends most of its time buried in the substrate, waiting for its prey. Its discreet behavior makes it difficult to observe.

The diet of the velvet tail ray primarily consists of small benthic invertebrates such as marine worms, crustaceans, and mollusks. Juveniles feed on smaller prey, while adults consume more varied and larger prey. In winter, when food resources become scarcer, the ray may adapt its diet by increasing its consumption of small fish.

In spring, the ray becomes more active with the increase in temperatures and the greater availability of food. In summer, it is more present in shallow coastal waters, making it easier to observe by fishermen. Autumn is a transitional period where the ray gradually returns to deeper waters. In winter, it remains in deep waters, less accessible for fishing. It is more active at dusk and dawn, regardless of weather conditions, although it prefers cloudy days.

Lures are not the primary choice for the velvet tail ray, but if you opt for this method, choose natural colors that mimic bottom marine prey. In clear water, use sand or brown-colored lures. In murky water, brighter colors like yellow or orange may attract attention. Lures with a vibrating action can also stimulate the ray's interest.

To fish for the velvet tail ray, use a sturdy rod about 2.4 to 3 meters long with medium to heavy power and moderate action. An open spool reel size 4000 to 6000 is recommended, with a line of 20 to 30 lb to withstand currents and potential snags. Hooks size 1/0 to 3/0 are ideal, and a fluorocarbon leader of 30 to 40 lb can help avoid cuts on the ray's spines.

Handle the velvet tail ray with care, avoiding touching its dorsal spines that can be irritating. Use a damp cloth to grasp it and support its body under the pectoral fins. For a successful release, ensure it is well-oxygenated before letting it go. Take photos quickly to minimize stress on the fish.

The main predators of the velvet tail ray include large sharks and some marine mammals like seals. Seabirds, such as gulls, may prey on young rays or exposed eggs.

The velvet tail ray is not considered threatened in Quebec, but it is monitored due to pressure from commercial fishing and environmental changes. Regulations encourage the release of accidentally captured specimens to maintain healthy populations.