The white hake, also known as ling, is a bottom fish highly valued by commercial fishermen, but it attracts less interest among sport fishermen in Quebec. It is primarily found in salt and brackish waters, being more common in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the coastal waters of southern Quebec. This fish is known for its modest fights, but it is prized for its delicate and flavorful flesh. Although less spectacular than other sport species, the white hake offers an interesting challenge for anglers venturing into its deep habitats.

The white hake has an elongated body that is slightly compressed laterally. Its color varies from light brown to gray on the back, gradually lightening towards the sides and belly, which are generally silvery white. It is distinguished by a well-defined lateral line and a relatively small head with an inferior mouth equipped with sensory barbels. Its dorsal fins are separate, with the first being shorter than the second. The caudal fin is rounded. Young hakes display more pronounced and contrasting patterns than adults, while females during spawning show no significant differences from males.

In Quebec, the white hake is primarily found in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the coastal waters of Gaspésie and Côte-Nord. It is also present in the estuary of the Saint Lawrence, although less abundant as it approaches fresher waters. This species prefers salt and brackish waters and is rarely found in inland waters. Its range extends beyond Quebec along the Atlantic coast of North America, from Labrador to North Carolina.

The white hake predominantly frequents deep coastal waters, often between 50 and 200 meters deep. It prefers sandy or muddy bottoms where it can camouflage and find food. The ideal water temperature for this species generally ranges between 5 and 15 °C, which explains its presence in the colder northern waters. It is often found near underwater structures such as artificial reefs or wrecks, which provide shelter and a food source.

The reproduction of the white hake occurs primarily in spring and early summer. Females lay pelagic eggs that float in the water column. After hatching, the larvae drift with the plankton until they are large enough to move to the bottom. Growth is relatively rapid during the first few years, reaching sexual maturity around 3 to 4 years of age. Adults can live up to 12 years. Spring: Spawning and laying → Summer: Rapid growth of juveniles → Autumn: Migration to deeper waters → Winter: Reduced activity in cold waters.

The white hake is a rather solitary species, although it can sometimes be found in small groups, especially during reproduction. Little territorial, it regularly moves to find food. It is sensitive to changes in light and prefers low-light conditions, making it more active at dawn and dusk. It is not particularly disturbed by moderate underwater noise but may react to sudden changes in atmospheric pressure.

The white hake is an opportunistic predator, primarily feeding on small fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. Young hakes feed more on zooplankton and small shrimp. As it grows, its diet expands to include larger prey such as herring and capelin. In winter, when prey availability decreases, it may settle for smaller and more accessible prey.

Fishing for white hake is generally best in spring and autumn when the fish are active and moving to feed or spawn. In summer, they are often found in deeper waters to avoid the heat, while in winter, they may be more difficult to locate due to reduced activity. The best times for fishing are early in the morning and late in the afternoon, with a preference for cloudy or slightly rainy days when the light is diffused.

For the white hake, silver or white lures are often the most effective, mimicking the small fish it feeds on. In clear water, use lures with metallic reflections to catch the light. In murky water, prefer brighter colors like yellow or orange for better visibility. In deeper waters or overcast conditions, phosphorescent lures can also be very attractive.

For fishing white hake, a rod 2 to 2.5 meters long with medium power is ideal. Opt for a sturdy fixed spool reel capable of holding a 10 to 20 lb line. Hooks size 1/0 to 3/0 are suitable, depending on the bait used. A fluorocarbon leader of 20 to 30 lb is recommended for its discretion and abrasion resistance.

When handling the white hake, be sure to support its weight to avoid damaging its spine. For a successful release, minimize the time out of the water and handle it with wet hands. For a photo, hold it horizontally and ensure that the water is visible in the background for a natural effect.

In Quebec waters, the main predators of the white hake include seals, sharks, and large fish like halibut. Seabirds, such as gulls and cormorants, may also prey on young hakes near the surface.

The white hake is currently considered a stable species in Quebec, although overfishing has previously affected its populations. The management of this species relies on commercial fishing quotas and strict regulations to avoid overexploitation. Release is not mandatory, but it is encouraged for small specimens.